Mechanically-actuated diaphragm.



I M. R. HUTCHISON MECHANICALLY AGTUATEDiDIAEfiRAGM. "mum" mmnms. 190a.

l,1%7,866, Patented'July 27, 1915.

g1jm ggfjlierfieese Heisman MILLER REESE HUTGHISON,

OF SUMMIT, NEW J'ERSEY, ASSIGNOR T LOVELL- MOCO'NNELL MANUFACTURING COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE.

EoHnri oALnY-eorUA'rnn DIAPHRAGM. v

menses.

- Application filed December 3, 1908. Serial No. 465,880.

To all whom it may concern.

Be it known that I, MILLEli Rnnsn HUroH- ISON, a citizen of the United States, and a resident-of Summit, in the county of Union and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Mechanically-Actuated- Diaphragms, of which the following is a specification. I -My present invention relates 'todia- .0 phragms of the class wherein there is a Wear piece on the diaphragm adapted to receive and transmit to the latter the force and movement of a rotary cam or other mechanical displacing member. Certain uses and requirement for such devices are set forth in my prior Patents Nos. 883,643, 923,048,

. 928,049 and 923,122. When a diaphragm is intended for such uses, I prefer to make the -wear piece in the form of a projection of small altitude,

preferably symmetrical in both directions,

so as to present the same form of wear surface to the cam in Whichever direction the latter maybe rotated. The base. of the Wear piece should beof ample apply the power over a suliicient area of. the diaphragm. The ratio of altitude to base is preferably such as to cause lines of thrust j';." of the cam to fall in or near the base of the projection. The form, arrangement, and pitch of the coiiperating surfaces of cam and "contact piece should be' such as'to give a large resultant perpendicular to the dia- Yphragm, and, in general, the contact'piece on 3 the'diaphragm may be of greater altitude with respect to the base according as the lines of thrust approach a perpendicular to the diaphragm. Where the wear piece is ,in the form of a projectiomwith its summit round- 10 ed or otherwise formed'non-parallel with the diaphragm, the thrust ordisplacement of the diaphragm by the rotary member is I a function of the shape and arrangement of both of the coi perating contact surface and 5/ these are capable 0'! Wide variation between the extreme where all the cam variation or displacement is developedon the rotary cam and'the other extreme Where all of the cam r thrust or displacement is developed on the.

ill) diaphragm projection.

low operative pitch, and

necessary hardness of diameter, so as to My present invention may be usefully applied to diaphragms embodying any or all or none of the above special proportions and modes of operation, since it relates more particularly to characteristics of the diaphragm and modes of attachment of the wear piece thereto. The nearest prior art is indicated in my prior patent referred to above, in which I have described a tempered rolled steel'diaphragm preferably formed of vanadium steel, nickel steel, vanadium nickel steel, or other similar tough elastic material. In said patent, the wear piece has a hardened wear surface for'engagement by the driving cam. It is secured to the diaphragm preferably by riveting an integral soft metal shank which extends through the diaphragm and preferably through a'washer on the back side thereof. When such device is formed with an integral wear surface, there is some times difficulty in getting the shank sufficiently annealed for tight riveting and at the same time maintaining the the wear surface. oreover, experience shows that there are difliculties in attaching soft metal, by a cold process, to a material of the hardness and elasticity of sheet steel in the condition in which it comes from the rolls. -In my cam operated horn or alarm, the vibration and stress due to the considerable amounts of power applied. may be so great that cold riveted shanks will occasionally become loosened even where the initial union of the parts by riveting has been made so intimate that a cross-section would fail to show any line of separation between the soft metal of the rivet and the hard metal of the diaphragm. Hence, though the cold riveted-devices have proved very satisfactory and though the diaphragms produced thereby will stand up perfectly so long as the apparatus is used in the manner for which it was designed, there are nevertheless cases where users will abuse the device, as, for instance, 9

- by applying practically unlimited power to the rotary cam and then adjusting it up tight against the diaphragm. Hence, I have. endeavored to improve the diaphragm and wear piece, to a point where it will .be capa- 1'00 ble of withstanding a wide range of abuse as Well as of reasonable use.

Any one familiar with the practical side I of the various operations involved would consider hot processes entirely prohibited in this connection, because the, necessary heat will draw the temper of the wear surface of the projection and will also warp and anneal the diaphragm, thereby destroying the spring quality of'the steel and distorting it in most irregular ways. I have discovered, however, that for my purposes the extreme stiffness and elasticity found in ing or annealing of-the steel diaphragm.

. I restore it back to shape.

' diaphragm proper tionally The wear piece is secured bya hot process and then instead of attempting to retemper the diaphragm by ordinaryheat-methods,

to a plane by peeningin accordance with the principles well under stood in the art of making circular saws. This is a skillful operation, but'it is well understood in that art and need not be further described than to say that by highly skilled manipulation, the irregularly expanded and warped metal is hammered The hammering serves. to amount of temper to the the finished product the has peculiar properties which are very desirable for my purposes, and its condition may be roughly and perhaps not inaccurately described as partly annealed by hea'taand partly tempered by hammering.

My present inventionmay be said to'be based in part upon the discovery that the annealed and durable and free from break down restore a certain metal, so that n due to crystallization of the metal, and is "sutliciently elastic for the purposes in view.

My present invention may be more fully understood from the followingdescription thereof in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a plan view of the diaphragm 1 attached wear piece; Fig. 2 is a section the diaphragm and wear piece taken on the line 2-2, Fig. 1; The remaining Figs.

*3, 4e, 5 and (i are sections corresponding to Fi 2. but showing modifications.

Tieferring to Fig. 1, the sheet steel diaphragin l is provided with a wearv piece 2 integral therewith. ably slightly rounded off to the additional peened diaphragm'iis excephaving a hardened wear surface 3y formed The ase 4 is preferand the integral shank. 5 passes through a perforation in the diaphragm and preferably also through a washer 6 over which it is riveted as at 7 Theseparts may or may not be the same as those described inmy prior Patent 883,643.

Various hot processes may be carried out in the assembling of these parts. For instance, the entire wear pieee may be formed from air hardening steel, of which there are many varieties in the market and some of which are furnished to the trade in an initially soft condition, so that theymay be easily milled and out before heating. Whatever kind of air hardening steel is used, the wear piece is cut to shape, heated to the desired riveting temperature, assembled, and riveted. Upon cooling, the entire wear piece will become highly tempered. The diaphragm will have been heated and annealed at the center. If in the particular variety of sheet steel used. this impairs the quality of the diaphragm, the entire surface may be heat treated and annealed, the resulting distortion or -warping being removed by peening. The diaphragm may be used in this condition, or, if desired, it may be subjected hot process hereinafter de-, scribed. By this process, a less refractory. metal may be fused between the contacting surfaces of the anvil and of the diaphragm, as will be hereinafter more fully described. This part of my invention involves using fused metal having a melting point "below that of the steel. It is used either as a supplement to riveting or,

means of securing the wear piece to the diaphragm. I have found that solder of such low melting point that it would not take the temperout of the diaphragm and anvil, is too soft for my purposes, and I prefer to use only those harder metals or com rositions, commonly classed as brazing. ard solder, silver solder. etc. These harder metals are all of such high melting point that their application necessarily involves annealing and warping of the'diaphragm and also annealing the wear surface of the wear piece. except. of course. where the latter is made of air hardening steel. For

practice of this part of my process. l may v form the 'wair piece of ordinary *sterl intended to be tempered by by cyanid solution in the ordinary ways employed for tempering.

After the parts are formed. the contacting at the periphery v if desired, as the sole a chilling bali or surfaces are heated and thoroughly cleansed This brazing wa and-if the cleansing has been sufli ci'ently thorough, it will wet the-adjacent; surfaces of the diaphragm and "anvil and 5 will be drawn by surface tension and adhesion into the innermost portions of the joint. It will also tend toextend radially in an annulus which decreases in thickness toward the outer edge, as indicated at 10 and 11. While still in the heated condition, the wear surface 3 is tempered by chilling or application of cyanid solution. This may be done by applying the solution to the wear piece without moving the parts and before the brazing has solidified.

In practice, I find it very convenient to form some sort of an initialmechanical engagementof the wear piece with the diaphragm, which may be very slight, as indicated by the riveting in Figs. 4, 5, and 6, or may be it is quite substantial, as indicated in Fig. 2.. When there is such attachment, the heated diaphragm and Wear piece may be inverted over a'bath and the tip of the Wear surface 3 immersed therein, while the diaphragm allowed to cool more slowly. This inverting and tempering of the wear piece at--' tached as in Figs. 2., 4, 5, and 6, may be accomplished before the brazing solidifies, because the adhesion and surface tension will be suificient to prevent the brazing from flowing out of the" joint. Even where there is no riveting, the Wear piece may be .mechanically retained as in Fig. 3, by providing it with a small' projection'fi tightly en- I gaging the sides 0 diaphragm.

Referring to the various figures more par ticularlyfl it will be seen that Fig. 2 contemplates the application of brazing where the wear surface is already held by substantial securing means, the brazing being a supplemental bracing and securing means. In Figs. 3, 4, 5, and 6, the riveting attachment is inadequate for most practical purposes and the brazing is the'p'rincipal attaching .means. In Fig. 3, the brazing is practically the sole attaching means. In, all cases, there 5 seems to be special advantage in the tight union secured by brazin There also seems to be considerable beneficial effect from the effective enlargement of area of the base by spreading the brazing out beyond the base, and also from the manner in which the brazing slopes ofl' gradually toward the periphthe perforation in the ery. This seems to have the effect of makbase projectioning the outer edge of the. more indefinite so that there is practically no tendency tolocalized bending of. thddiaphragm at the periphery of the brazing.

, For my purposes, I prefer that the inertia of the diaphragm shall be small and hence I prefer to decreasethe 'weight of the wear d5 piece and its attaching means. The brazing is thenapplied. in the usual and the rest of the wear piece is d .fall within the base of the projection and that the perforation liable securing means.

, and partially retempered by constitutes such a washer 6 and shank 7 may be dispensed with, the diaphragm projection may be of small altitude and the base of the wear piece may be very thin. These and other features will be evident from the various modifications indicated in Figs. 3, 4:, 5, and 6.

In Fig. 3 the washer and rivet are omitted. In such case a small lug 12 passing through a perforation in the diaphragm, is convenient for centering the Wear piece in place during the brazing, though this may be omitted and the diaphragm used imperforate where desired. Where the lug 12 is used, the brazing is preferably applied to both sides of the diaphragm after the manner shown at 10 and 11 respectively.

In Figs. 4 and 6 the end of the shank is slightly upset on the rear side of the diaphragm,.as at 13. In Fig. 4, the brazing is applied ,only to the front side, as at 10, though, if desired, it maybe used on the rear side\also, as indicated in Fig. 5.

InFig. 6 I have indicated how the brazing operation may serve to form a slight epression near the center of the diaphragm. When such depression is of relatively small diameter, it is not necessary to remove it by peening, since it seems to contribute to the durability of the diaphragm, possibly because the displacing effort is distributed more evenly.

.In 5, the base 15 of the wear piece is very thin and light, and the diaphragm projection'16 is of less altitude than in any of-the "other figures. Moreover, it will be noted that the curves of the wear surface are of such small pitch even at the maximum that all lines of thrust thereon must even within the diameter of .the shank 17, no matter What may be the shape of the rotary cam used to drive the same. Even With-a radi l faced rotary cam having only an edge en gement with the wear piece no line of thrust or'dynamic reaction could fall far from thecenter of the projection.

Figs. 4, 5, and (hall illustrate the fact may be decreased in degree, because the diameter to any desired a sufiiclent and rebrazlng alone constitutes claim:

1. As an article of manufacture, a. diaphragm of rolledsteel having an attached wear piece secured thereto by a hot process and'having the tip or wear' surface highly tempered, said diaphragm being flattenedeemng.

acture, a dia-' 125 As an article of manu phragm of rolled steel having an attached Wear piece secured thereto by brazing at a temperature lower than the melting point but hi her than the annealing temperature of sai steel, said wear piece having the tip n or wear surface thereof tempered and said after the attachment of the Wear-piece and diaphragm being flattened and partially re-' to partially restore the conditions existing tempered by hammering. before said attachment.

3. As an article of manufacture, a rolled Signed at New York city, in-the county 5 steel diaphragm having a hardened steel of New York and State of New York,.this 15 wear piece rigidly secured thereto by an inseventeenth day of November, A. D. 1908.

termediate bcdy of metalmelted into inti- 'MILLER REESE ,HUTCHISON. mate contact with both said diaphragm and Witnesses:

said Wear piece, said diaphragm being fiat GEORGE G. DEAN,

-10 tened and partly retempered by peening Invmc M. OBRIEGHT. 

